Method of developing, recording, or transmitting graphic processes.



' I I PATENTED 001". 20 1903.- 742065 G. B. ROSSMAN.

METHOD OF DEVELOPING, RECORDING, 0R TRANSMITTING GRAPHIC PROCESSES.

' APPLICATION FILED JAN. 12,1903. K0 MODEL. 14 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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GRAPHIC PROCESSES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 12,1903.

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METHOD OF DEVELOPING, RECORDING, 0R TRANSMITTING N0 MODEL.

PATBNTED OCT. 20, 1903.

742,065! G. B. ROISSMAN.

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No. 742,065. PATENTED 00120, 1903.

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METHOD OF DEVELOPING, RECORDING; 0R TRANSMITTING GRAPHIC PROCESSES.

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No.742,065. PATENTED OCT. 20, 1903. G. B. ROSSMAN. v

I METHOD OF DEVELOPING, RECORDING, OR TRANSMITTING" GRAPHIC PROCESSES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 12,1903. N0 MODEL. 14 SHEETSSHEBT 8.

PATENTED 001'. 20 1903. N0 742o65 G. B. ROS'SMAN.

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G. RossMA'N. METHOD OF DEVELOPING, RECORDING, 0R TRANSMITTING GRAPHIC PROCESSES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 12,1903.

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APPLICATION FILED JAN. 12,1903

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METHOD OF DEVELOPING, nmorwme, 0R. TRANSMITTING GRAPHIC PROCESSES.

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No. 742,065. G B RosisMrAN PATENTED 001201903."

METHOD OF DEVELOPING, RECORDING, 0R TRANSMITTING GRAPHIC PROCESS-ES. APPLICATION FILED un 2,1903.

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PATENT OFFICE.

GRANT B. ROSSMAN, OF NEW YORI N. Y.

METHOD QF DlEVELOPING, RECORDING, OR TRANSMITTING GRAPHIC PROCESSE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No: 742,065, dated October 20, 1903. I i Application filed January 12, 1903; Serial No.138,697i (N0 model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it knownthat I, GRANT B. ROSSMAN, re siding at New York,in the county of New York and State ofrNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Developing, Recording, or Transmitting Graphic Processes, of which the fol"- lowing is a full, clear, and exact description, such aslwill enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to telegraphy; and its object is to provide a new and improved method for developing, recording, ortransmitting graphic processes.

The invention consistsin the method which in its various essential and supplemental steps will-be hereinafter described, and the novel features thereof pointed out in the claims. g o

This invention is designed to accomplish as to some features thereof various objects which it has before been attempted to accomplish by means'of various devices which have been termed telautographs, writing-telegraphs, &c., all of which may be classed under the head of telegraphs autographic. v

Within the scope of the invention are included the production or reproduction of car toons, sketches, maps and drawings, manuscripts, paintings, &c.

The method may best be described in connection with the geometric telegraph or tracer illustrated inthe accompanying drawings, which I have invented as one means of carrying out my method, said geometric telegraph being specifically claimed in a companion application of even date with this application. I believe both the art or method and the means for performing that method to be broadly new.

Operatively the art comprises the control by telegraphic means of an instrument or series of instruments, which may be individu-' ally termed geometric tracers, and the op eration of those instruments under such controll The control of this instrument is of an exceedingly elementary character and adistance. Such means are the ocean-cw bles, land-lines, and various systems of wiretion of its length, while the guideshave them-.

selves freedom of motion transverse to its length. Independent means are provided forimparting motion to each of these elements-2'. 6., to the rod and to its guide. The path of the tracing-pointupon the surface on which it rests is aresnltant of the motion imparted to the guide in composition with the motion imparted to the rod.' The direction of the path of the tracing-point is determined by the relative velocities of its two component motions. Where it is desired that this point may have the choice of an infinite number of directions, an infinite number of ratios in the component velocities is requisite. The independent sources of motion for therod and the guide are in each case a variable-speed device in which a unit velocity derived from a common source may be varied in a'continuous series of velocities to zero and through zero by a series of velocities opposite in direction to an opposite unit velocity. Moreover, by suitable means the velocity at any desired phase of the series becomes constant. The value of the ratio of a velocity in one device to a velocity in the other may be anything from zero to plus or minus infinity. Plus infinity, for example, is the value of the ratio when any positive velocity in one device is compared with zero in the other. It is further desirable that the velocity of the resultant be not varied ,by variation in the value of the ratio of the componentsz'. e., that speed of tracing be unaffected bydirection.

from each device-to be communicated, respectively, to the rod and to the guide in order that a resultant of a required direction may be obtained is ascertainable from an em pirical law of the composition of velocities. Where two velocities are developed in direc- The necessary velocity ICO tions transverse to each other, the ratio of the component velocities reappears in the ratio of the cosines of the complementary angles formed by the inclination of the resultant to the direction of the components. Since the angles own sine is the equivalent of the cosine of its complement, it follows that an equivalent expression of this law is: If a velocity proportional to the cosine of an angle be compounded at right angles with a velocity proportional to the sine of the same angle, that angle will appear as the inclination of the resultant to the given component. In this law also is the solution of the problem of constant resultant velocity, for if two velocities proportional to the sine and cosine of an angle be compounded at right angles the resultant will be proportional to a constantviz., the radius of the measuring-arc. The maximum value of sine 0r cosine equals the radius. To this the unit velocity of the variable-speed device corresponds.

In obedience to the laws stated one speed device is adapted to variation as the sine of an angle and theother device to variation as the cosine of the angle. In each case the device from which the variation is derived is a rod moved in simple harmonic motion by the rotation of a crank. The rod has freedom of movement in the direction of its length, which is parallel to a diameter of the circle in which the crank rotates. It carries perpendicular guides in which a pin at the end of the crank plays freely in the direction of their length. That element of the motion of the crank perpendicular to these guides is communicated by them to the rod on which they are carried. This element of the motion of the crank varies as the sine of an angle through which the crank turns from that position which is parallel to the guides and as the cosine of the angle to that position of the crank which is perpendicular to the guides. These facts enable the control of the speed devices to be made by a single means. The paths of the two rods movable in harmonic motion are made parallel, and the cranks are placed in quadrature-t. e., at a distance of ninety degrees. The cranksone in its initial position parallel to the guides, the other parallel to the rods-are fixed to the same axis of rotation. Any angular movement of r the axis will produce in the two rods motion proportional, respectively, to the sine and cosine of the angle through which the shaft is rotated. To the rods thus constrained to movement in simple harmonic motion is delegated the variation of the velocities developed in the speed devices, the fact to be especially borne in mind being that the distance each rod moves from its initial or middle position is proportional to the sine of the angle through which its crank on the controlling-axis is turned.

A great variety of variable-speed devices may when controlled by the harmonic rod be adapted to furnish the desired velocity ratios.

, In general, methods of speed variation in a machine fall into two classes. One varies the power supplied, the leverage remaining constant; the other varies the leverage,ihe power remaining constant.

An example of the first method, in which the variation would follow the principles of the geometric tracer, is an electric motor in which the strength and direction of the current are controllable by the harmonic rod and proportional to its movement. In general, any device in which the strength and direction of the power are capable of a series of variations is adaptable to the purpose.

Speed variation by the second method-4.

-e., the variation of the leverage while the power remains constant-is especially suited to the purposes of this instrument,where very little power is required and where certainty and continuity of velocity ratios is desirable. A simple form of variable-speed device from which the desired series of velocities may be obtained is a friction-gear consisting of a disk wheel and traversing pulley in which the movement of the pulley across the face of the disk is made either equal or proportional to that of the harmonic rod. The velocity and direction of rotation of the driven pulley depend upon its distance and direction from the center of the disk wheel. Similar results may be obtained from friction -cylinders by varying the direction of their axes. Various conical gears are also mechanical equivalents for this purpose.

The magnetic friction-gear shown in the accompanying drawings is especially adapted to meet every requirement of the curve-tracer. As embodied in one form a follower or driven member is a cylinder of uniform radius. The driver is a segment of a sphere which rotates about a radius of the sphere as'an axis, the axial radius being central to the segment. Suitably-arranged electric coils make the cylinder magnetic with a consequent pole midway of its length. The driver is also magnetic and is held against the face of the cylinder with a pressure proportional to the strength of the magnetic field. This pressure or pull being self-contained is not communicated to the journals of either the follower or the driver, where it would result in a detrimental friction. The segment rotates with a uniform angular velocity. The linear velocity of any point on its surface varies as its perpendicular distance to the axis of rotation, the velocity of a point in the line of the axis beingzero and the maximum velocity being that at the circumference of the segment. By rolling the segment upon the cylinder in the direction of the length of the latter the strength of the driving radius may be varied from zero to a maximum limited by the diameter of the segment. Two series of velocities opposite in direction are of course obtainable from opposite sides of the segment. This rolling motion of the driving member is obtained through its connection ICO IIO

with the harmonic rod, which in turn is controlled by the crank and crank-shaft. 'Since' the amount of rolling motion of the driving member with reference to the driven cylinder determines the velocity at which the cylinder is driven, it follows that the velocity of the cylinder is also proportional to the distance through which the harmonic rod is moved. In short, there is provided a shaft bearing two cranks, the rotation of which through any angle moves two harmonic rods through distances proportional to the sine and cosine of that angle. The harmonic rods vary the radius of the drivers in two-speed devices in the same sine and cosine proportion. The motion of the driven member of each device is independently communicated to one of two transversely-movable members of a movable system of guides. The motion of the guides is compounded in the motion of a point carried by them,and theinclination of the path of the point to the direction of one of these guides is the angle through which the shaft was turned. The extent and direction of the rotation of this shaft are determined by a stepby-step device under telegraphic control. A similar step by step' device regulates the prime mover and determines the velocity and extent of tracing. This controlled system lends itself to use in connection with diplex and other telegraphic lines, inasmuch as the telegraphic problems of repeating, automatic relaying, &c., therefore present no obstacles.

Theembodiment of this invention as illustrated in the drawings will now be understood.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation showing a geometric tracer or receiving instrument, a conventional motor for supplying power to said receiver, and a transmitter. Fig. 2 is 'an end elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a top plan of the same. Fig. i is a top plan View, on an enlarged scale, with the upper deck of the machine removed in order to illustrate more clearly the parts beneath. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of the pen-arm, showing the means for controlling the vertical position of the penand certain elements of the means for actuating'the pen-arm. Fig. 6 is a top plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a view, on an enlarged scale, on the line B R of Fig. 5, looking in the direction of the arrow and showing the means for guiding the reciprocating element of the pen-arm. Fig.

'8 is a transverse section on the line S S of detail, partially in elevation and partially in section, of certain features of the variablespeed devices. Fig. 13 is a sectional view taken through the center of one of the variable-speed devices, parts being shown in end elevation. Fig. 14 is a detail, partially in end elevation and partially in section, looking from the right of Fig. 13.' Fig. 15' is an end elevation looking from the left of Fig. 14., showing the bearings for one end of the guide-rod. Fig. 16 is a detail, partially in plan and partially in section, showing the angle-changing shaft with the means for actuating itand the speed -changing shaft with the means for actuating it. Fig. 17 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of certain of the parts shown in plan in Fig. 16. Fig. 18 is a perspective of certain of the parts shown'in Fig. 17, showingalso portions of the .escapement device by which the anglechanging shaft, which is normally under tension, may be released in order to allow such shaft to rotate. Fig. 19 is an elevation of one of the sets of escapement mechanisms and the electromagnets by which it is controlled. Fig. 20 is an elevation at right angles to the view of Fig. 19, showing substantially the same parts. Fig. 21 is a sectional elevation of a part of the speed-varying means for one of the variable-speed devices. Fig. 22 is a side elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 21 looking from the left. sectional detail onthe line X X'of Fig. 21. Fig. 2 1 is a sectional view on the line Y Y of Fig. 22 with certain parts beneath omitted.

Fig. 25 is a top plan view of the transmitter. Fig. 26 is a view of the same, partially in section and partially in side elevation. Fig. 27 is an end elevation of the same. Fig. 28 is a sectional detail on the line Z Z of Fig. 25.

Fig. 29 is a view, on an enlarged scale, par- Fig. 23 is a tially in section and partially in elevation, of

certain elements of the unison device. Fig. 30 is a top plan of the same. Fig. 31 is a perspective detail of a spring-controlled stop constituting an elementof the unison device. Fig. 32 is an end elevation, partially in section, taken at right angles to the view of Fig. 28. 33 is aside elevation of an alternating-contact device forming an element in the control of the lifting of the pen-arm. Fig. 3 1 is an end elevation of the same. Fig. 35 is a diagrammatic view showing the wiring diagram or circuits as embodied in the general system.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Practically a complete set of instruments comprises a transmitting instrument and a receiving instrument at each end of the line. While the transmitter at one end of the line is being operated to sendsignals into the line and to the receiving instrument at the other end vof'the line, the instrument at'the transmitting end of the line, which is controlled by the same circuit, would act merely to record graphically the operations of the transmitter for the guidance of the operator. Theoretically of course the line would be complete when equipped with a transmitter at one end and a receiver at the other.

The receive7*.-The receivers, embodied at 1 the end of a reciprocable pen-arm.

any point of the line, are alike. A platen upon which the motions of the pen-arm are recorded may be provided with any suitable surface adapted to receive impressions or ca pable of recording or characterizing the movement thereof, as passing over a series of contacts, transmitting-keys, or the like. In the present instance it is shown, as in Figs. 1 and 3, as comprising simply a paper-holding table 1, adapted to be adjusted by levelingscrews, one of which is shown at 2. The size or character of this platen is determined only by practical considerations, since itis theoretically unlimited. The penholder, which is adapted to have universal movement over the surface of the platen, is pivotally carried at This penholder comprises a member 3, Fig. 5, which is pivotally mounted at one end within the outer end of the pen-arm and which carries at the other end a short internally-threaded tube 4, in which is carried the pen-holding tube 5, which is provided with external screwthreadsthroughout a portion of its length in order that it may be adjusted by screwing down into the tube 4. Further adjustment of the reproducing member proper, which in the present instance is shown as a lead, is provided for by making the lower end of this tube internally threaded, so that the lead may be adjusted with relation thereto by screwing it up or down within the tube. The lower end of this tube is split by a series of vertical kerfs extending from the lower end up toward the point at which the tube is externally threaded and adapted to be compressed in order to clamp the lead by a clampingsleeve 6, which is threaded at its upper end to engage the external threads on the tube. The upper end of the tube may be provided with a knurled head 7 for convenience in adjusting.

It will be seen upon inspection of Fig. 9 that the internal threads on the lower end of this tube have their bottoms flush with the interior wall of the tube, so that the lands of the thread are raised above said inner wall. This gives a better grip upon the lead when it is in position within the tube and at the same time allows the lead to be turned up or down easily within the tube as it is Worn off without having resistance offered to such turning bycontact of the lead with the walls of the tube above the threaded portion thereof.

The pen-arm comprises a swinging sleeve 8 and a rod 9, reciprocably mounted within said sleeve, which carries at its outer end the penholder proper, already described. As shown in Figs. 5 and 7, there is provided at the forward end of the sleeve a spring-arm 10, adapted to be adjusted by a set-screw 11, and carrying a roller 12, which acts to guide the reciprocable pen -arm, which throughout a portion of its extent is tubular. In lugs 13, projecting from the end of the sleeve, there is journaled a roller 14, which engages with the lower side of the tubulararm and cooperates with the upper rollerin guiding said arm. One or both of these rollers may be provided with an annular flange which passes through a slot in the tube in order to assist in guiding and steadying the motion of the arm. A flange is shown at 15 in connection with the lower roller and a slot 16 in the pen-arm. The rear end of the reciprocating pen-arm is formed with flat sides 17 and with a groove in its top in order to provide suitable bearing-surfaces for ballbearings, by which it is adapted fol-free movement within the sleeve. This sleeve 8 is pivotally mounted on a support in the form ofacylinder18,whichdependsfromaplatform 20, raised above the base and suitably supported therein, which for convenience and to differentiate it from the base 19 and from the upper platform or deck 21 may be termed the second deck and is provided around its lower periphery with a groove 22, cooperating with. adjustable cone-nuts 23 23 to furnish a raceway for its ball-bearings. These conenuts are screwed down into an internallythreaded socket 24, which is rigid with the sleeve 8. The sleeve may also be provided with a cage formed ofwebbed side members 25 25 and cross-bars 26, which will serve to steady the swinging movement of the sleeve and assure freedom from vibration by the provision of guy-wires 27, connected at one end to eyes 28 at the outer ends of the sleeve and at the other to adjustable hook-bolts 29 in the cage. At the rear end of the sleeve and rigidly connected therewith is a grooved segment30,around which pass the ends of band 31, which ends are suitably connected to the rear of the segment 32 with interposed springs 33, if desired. This segment is struck on a curve the center of which is at the pivotal center of the swinging sleeve 8, this being the preferable construction for obtaining uniformity of swing in all positions of the arm. The band 31 passes also around two pulleys 34, as shown in Fig. 2 and in dotted lines in Fig. 4. Thus it will be seen that when one of the pulleys 34is rotated the segment and sleeve will be swung from the pivotal center, the sleeve carrying with it the pen-arm, whether in an extended or retracted position. One of these pulleys is mounted upon a shaft 35, which is supported by means of threaded adjustable dead-centers 36 in hangers 37, projecting downwardly from the second deck, while the other pulley is mounted upon the shaft 38 between the two hangers 40. This shaft 38 carries also a sprocketwheel 41, driven bya chain 42 from a sprocket 43 at the endof a shaft 44.

The reciprocable element of the pen-arm is controlled by means of a cord 45, one end of which is connected at any desired point, as at 46, intermediate the length of said arm, and the other end to an adjustable nut 47 upon the outer end of the arm. This cord passes over two guide-pulleys 48, situated at the pivotal center of the arm, and around a spirally- (bestshown in Fig.2) is mounted upon a shaft 50, journaled indead-oenters from hangers 51, depending from the second deck, a spline and feather connection therebetween being pro- The power or velocity is supplied by a mo-v tor 54, which may be of any desired type. Its driving-shaft is equipped with a grooved pulley 55, over which passes a band 56, by which is driven a grooved pulley 57, carried at the end of a shaft 58, suitably journaled at one end, as at 59, on the second deck and continued in the shape of a flexible shaft 60, which carries at its end a spur-gear, meshing with a spur-gear on the driving member of a variablespeeddevice,(designated generally byA.) The motor 54 is constantly driven,.but the velocity supplied therefrom to the receiver is regulated by the variable-speed device A. This variable-speed device may in itself be considered as a motor developing a variable velocity, and it will hereinafter be called the velocitysupplying variable-speed device. This term is applicable,since the driven shaft 61 of this variable-speed device (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4) is extended in the shape of two flexible shafts 62 63, one at each end of the machine, which carry spur-gears, by which are driven the driving members of two additional variable-speed devices B C. These additional variable-speed devices are controlled in accordancewith the sine and cosine law from the main crank-shaft 64 of the instrument,

and the guides of the driving-segments are,in effect, harmonic rods. These variable-speed devices B and G will, accordingly, hereinafter be termed the harmonic variable-speed devices. The shaft 65 ofthe variable-speed device B is continued and supplied velocity for an additional variable-speed device D, the driving and driven members of which are in reverse order from that of the other variablespeed devices. The shaft of the driven member of this variable-speed device is extended in the form of the flexible shaft 66. This shaft has a feather-and-spline connection at its end with a stud-shaft 44, journaled on the second deck at 67 and carrying at its end thesprocket 43, from which through theintermediate means described a swinging movement is given to the penarm'. The shaft of the other harmonic variable-speed device 0 drives, by means of a chain-and-sprocket connection, the shaft 50, upon which shaft is the spirallygrooved pulley 49, the rotation of which reciprocates the pen-arm, as already described. It will accordingly be seen that the velocity derived from the motor is under the control of .the variable-speed device A, and from said variable-speed device it is transmitted in two sop-- arate paths, one through the variable-speed device B to the swinging or transverse element of the pen arm and the other through the variable-speed device 0 to the extending element of the pen-arm, the two velocities being compounded at the recording-point.

The variable-speed devices in (ZetaiZ.-' It will now be necessary in order to understand the means for applying the theory already laid down that the construction of. the variable-speed devices should be specifically set forth.

The four sets of variable-speed devices shown in Fig. 4 are alike in principle, the main difference being in the means for varying the relation between the driving and the driven members. In the case of those shown at B C the relation of the driving and driven members is varied by rotation of themain crank-shaft 64 and the connections between the cranks and the guide-rods of the driving members, whereby the movement of these guide-rods in shifting the position of the driving member is a movement following the laws of simple harmonic motion. In the case of the variable speed device D, which acts merely as means for the transmission of velocity from the driven shaft of the variablespeed device '13, a means is provided for vary-,

ing the relation between the driving and driven members in order to compensate for the varying lengths of the reciprocable penarm, which would otherwise modify the effect of the transverse or swinging element. In the case of the variable-speed device A, from which power is supplied to the two harmonic variable-speed devices, a means for changing the relation between the driving and driven members is provided in order to vary the speed of tracing to bring it to zero or to reverse the direction, and for this purpose one of the guide-rods of the driving member is connected to a system of lovers,

by the action of which, as controlled by signals sent through the line, any desired relation between the driving and driven members may-be obtained.

One of the harmonic variable-speed de- IIO vices is illustrated in detail in Figs. 10 and 11 and the velocity-supplying variable-speed device A in Figs. 12, 13, and 14.

Referring first more especially to Figs. 12, 13, and 14, a shaft 61 is mounted by means of ball-bearings held in place by an adjustable cone-nut 68 in supports 69, which are mounted upon the second deck. Carried either integral with this shaft or drive fitted upon annular flanges 70, projecting therefrom, is a cylinder 71 of uniform radius, which constitutes the driven member of the couple. The driving member is in the form of the segment of a sphere 72, supported upon the end of a shaft 73, the axis of which is in a radial line of the sphere. This shaftis rotatably mounted near the end in a sleeve 74 by means of ball-bearings held by an adjustable cone-nut 75. Projecting upwardly and downwardly from the sleeve 74 are arms 76, provided with eyes at their ends. These eyes provide supports for the ends of arms 77, the position of the arm with reference to the eye being adjust-able by means of the nuts 78, which are screwed onto the arm one on each side of the eye. The other end of the arm 77 carries a pivot-screw 79, held in adjusted position by means of a lock-nut 80. Cross-rods 81 extend between the standards one above and one below the cylinder, and these cross-rods carry guide-arms 82, which are adjustably held thereon by means of the nuts 83, said guidearms being positioned to provide pivotal supports for the ends of the pivot-screws 79. For this purpose the guide-arms are provided with longitudinal slots 84, within which the pivotscrews may play back and forth in a plane at right angles to the axis of the driven cylinder, the pivotscrews themselves being in a plane which is tangent to the surface of the driving-segment at its middle point. It will be thus seen that by manipulation of the nuts 78 the arms 77 can be adjusted in the direction of their length, and by loosening the nuts on each side the arms may be rotated for adjustment. The cross-rods 81 may be adjusted by loosening the nuts 85, by which they are held to the supports, and rocking the guide-arms 82 to provide correctpivotal points of support for the driving-segment in order that when relied upon the driven segment its movement may correspond to the movement of the harmonic rods. A second bearing for the shaft 73 is provided at a point which is at the center of the curvature of the segment in a frame 86, adjustable ball-bearings being provided, as before, by a cone-nut 87, which cooperates with the conical recess formed in the frame. The two bearings of shaft 73 are connected by tube 88. Frame 86 is mounted within an outer frame 89 by means of pivotscrews 89, so that it has a free turning movement on an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the spherical segment and passing through its center of curvature. Extending from each side of the frame 89 are guide-rods 90, here shown as triangular in shape and supported by means of ball-bearings within boxes 91 on the second deck, so as to have freedom of motion in a longitudinal direction. These boxes 91 are preferably provided with split bearing-tubes 92, of slightly-resilient material, which are interiorly cylindrical to provide a raceway for the antifriction-balls and which are exteriorly tapered toward their ends. Into the ends of the boxes are screwed locking and adjusting nuts 93, which are interiorly tapered to correspond to the taper of the split sleeve 92, as shown in section at the left in Fig. 14.

In the case of the velocity-supplying variable-speed device shown in Figs. 12, 13, and 14 the shaft of the driving-segment is carried by the frame 86 near the lower end thereof, and at the upper end of said frame there is a box 94, which is provided with suitable cones and adjustable cone-nuts 95 for a short stud-shaft 96, which carries at its end a spurgear 97, meshing with the spur-gear 98 on the end of the shaft 73. This box may be adjusted relatively to the frame by means of a set-screw 99 and held in adjusted position by the locking-screws 100. The shaft 60, preferably flexible, as shown, forms a continuation of the stud-shaft, and this shaft is driven, as already described, from the motor 54. Both the shafts73 and 96 are free to move longitudinally with relation to their bearings.

In the case of the harmonic variable-speed devices B 0, one of which is illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11, the shaft of the driving-segment is supported at the upper end of the frame 101, and the gear 102, by which it is driven, meshes with a lower gear 103, driven by the flexible shaft 62, which forms a continuation of the shaft of the velocity-supplying variable-speed device. The construction, save for this reversal of planes of the shaft of the driving-segment and the flexible shaft by which it is itself driven, is the same as that of the velocity-supplying variable-speed device.

As shown in section in Fig. 12, the ends of the shafts 61, which carry the driven cylinders of the variable-speed couple, are in each case surrounded by a coil 104, which coils are included in a suitable circuit and so arranged as to provide a consequent pole midway of the length of each cylinder, the cylinder, segments, and shafts being all of suitable magnetic material. As shown, the coils are wound around suitable spools 105 and are protected by housings or caps 106, which have a threaded connection with the supports 69. Any suitable winding or arrangement of coils may be provided, however, which will tend to cause a magnetic pull between the driving and driven members of the variablespeed devices. This magnetic pull is especially important in connection with the present instrument, because although it is necessary to transmit but very little power through the variable-speed devices it is necessary that the transmission of power or velocity should be very accurate and that its variation should follow very closely the variations of the relation of the driving and driven members of the couple. This feature of magnetic increase of moment of friction of the variablespeed device is claimed as such in an application filed by me on September 29, 1903, and is not claimed herein.

The mode of operation of the variablespeed devices in so far as it has not already been described will now be clear. In order 

